Knowing how long a female dog will stay in heat is very important if you have a female that has not been spayed (neutered); because identifying when her season is due and if it has been prolonged, can allow you to spot any medical issues promptly. . Understanding how to handle your dog in heat also helps to prevent any surprise pregnancies and, likewise, enables you to plan correctly for future breeding. Knowing what to expect from your female– and avoiding any surprises– will make your life a lot easier.
Many new pup parents have important questions around their bitch’s heat (estrus), such as what the typical signs of being in estrus are, what you can expect when your dog is in heat, and even “How long does a dog stay in heat?”
In this blog, we will address the most common questions about dogs in heat. You can learn more about each stage of the estrus cycle, the signs of being in heat, how to care for your dog in season and what to watch out for, when things are not going as planned.
Dogs do not have periods like human females do. Instead, female dogs go through what is known as an estrus cycle, about twice a year. During this cycle, there are physical and behavioral signs indicating that the dog is in heat, such as a swollen vulva, blood-tinged discharge, increased urination, and receptiveness to male dogs. The estrus stage of the cycle typically lasts about three weeks, but the female can only become pregnant during a short time within this window.
It is recommended to spay female dogs if they are not intended for breeding, to prevent unwanted pregnancies and potential health issues, such as pyometra (uterus infection) or uterine tumors.
Dogs will experience their first heat cycle between the ages of 6 months and 24 months. Even though dogs can get pregnant during this time, it is typically not recommended, as they are not yet fully mature. While the timing of a dog's first heat varies, size does play an important role and influences this. Small dog breeds often experience their estrus cycle at a younger age (about 6 months old), but larger or giant-breed dogs may not go into heat until much later (18-24 months).
The heat cycle, also called the estrus cycle, is a key stage of your female’s reproductive cycle. . This is the time when she becomes receptive to mating and presents the opportunity for her to become pregnant. It is important to understand that this dog heat cycle consists of four separate phases, each with its own features and length.
The beginning of your dog's heat cycle, or proestrus, is generally indicated by two major signs: her vulva will seem swollen, and you may detect a bloody discharge from her vulva. The quantity of bleeding varies from dog to dog, and it is easily missed, especially when your female is a fastidious groomer. The interval between the commencement of proestrus and when your dog is ready to mate is usually about 7-10 days, but can vary from as little as one day to as long as 21 days.
During the proestrus period, male dogs may exhibit interest in your female dog, but she is not yet ready to mate and will not encourage or tolerate coitus. This phase is characterized by an increase in estrogen levels, which prepares her body for breeding. This estrogen is generated by the follicles in her ovaries. Another hormone, progesterone, remains low throughout proestrus but starts to increase , during the estrus stage, which is when she is finally ready to mate.
Dogs enter the estrus phase when a surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) occurs, and this leads to an increase in progesterone levels. Typically, dogs ovulate (release eggs for fertilization) two days after this LH surge. Following egg release, structures known as corpora lutea form. These structures then produce progesterone under the influence of LH.
For breeding success veterinarians often advise performing blood tests, and mating the female around 1-2 days after her progesterone levels rise above 5 ng/ml. Breeders can also monitor the LH surge, and breed 4-5 days after this, as we typically see ovulation 2 days later and the eggs need a few days to mature.
Diestrus is the stage after estrus, and it marks the end of your dog's reproductive phase. This means she is no longer fertile and will now reject any male advances. It normally begins 7 to 9 days after estrus, however, this will vary from dog to dog. The diestrus phase sees a reduction in vulvar discharge and edema (swelling). In non-pregnant dogs, progesterone levels rise during diestrus, before then returning to normal (which takes around 3 months). The diestrus phase ends either when the female dog gives birth (65 days following the LH surge in estrus) or when her progesterone levels return to baseline.
After your dog goes through the diestrus stage she transitions into the anestrus phase. This time is known for its calmness, allowing her body to recharge and get ready for the next heat cycle. The anestrus phase typically lasts around four months, although for some it could extend to a year or longer. During this resting period, your dog’s progesterone levels decrease, and while her estrogen levels remain low, they do start to increase as she nears the end of the anestrus phase. Additionally, the hormone prolactin decreases during this time. Essentially anestrus provides a chance for the female’s body to reset, before gearing up for the next heat cycle.
Dogs have a substantially different reproductive cycle than humans, which lasts an average of twenty-eight days. Female dogs generally cycle once or twice a year rather than every month. Of course, each dog is unique, in a similar way that the length of a human menstrual cycle varies from person to person. Variations may also occur across breeds, as well as between cycles in the same animal. However, individuals typically follow the same pattern each year.
On average the estrus stage of the cycle usually lasts just 7-14 days.
Similar to the commencement time, the frequency of estrus is determined by your dog's size, breed, and age. Female dogs who have not been spayed go into heat usually once or twice a year.
When there are no medical issues, the length of time your dog goes between cycles is usually pretty consistent. Your dog's seasons may also become less frequent as she grows older. However, she can go into heat her whole life, and even if she has fewer cycles, she is still susceptible to becoming pregnant at any age.
One of the most important things to look out for as a female dog owner is when your furry friend is going into heat. This is a natural process that occurs in female dogs when they reach sexual maturity and can reproduce. During this time, you may notice some physical and behavioral changes in your dog. As a responsible pet owner, it is crucial to keep an eye out for the following signs.
As she notices her vulva feels different to usual and she develops clear discharge and bleeding, you will notice your female is spending a lot more time licking her vulva and trying to stay clean.
A female dog that is ready will change her toileting habits, and this is another sign that your dog is in heat. These symptoms may include frequent urination, and urinating in small amounts. This is often confused for a UTI by unseasoned dog owners. Rest assured, however, she is simply signalling to the local males that she is ready to mate.
Another clear sign that your dog is in heat is that she will become more attractive and responsive to male canines. These males will show an increased interest in her too. During her season, she may allow male dogs to sniff and lick her vulva, even if she would typically not accept such activity.
When female dogs reach the second phase of the heat cycle, they indicate that they are ready to mate by changing their posture and tail position in the presence of a male dog. She will lift her tail slightly and shift it to the side, which becomes more evident when she's touched over her back end and when male dogs are nearby.
When aroused, female dogs may mount, hump, or shove when they are ready to mate, and this behavior is not limited to male dogs. This is one of the most visible indicators that a dog is in heat. She will mount or hump both male and female dogs, as well as anything else she misidentifies as a dog.
During this cycle, hormonal changes can lead to increased restlessness, agitation, and a strong desire to mate. Your female dog may alsoook for a secure spot to settle down (nesting), dig at the blankets and gather toys or teddies.. Creating a calm and predictable environment, and ensuring she gets plenty of mental enrichment and exercise can assist in calming these behaviors.
When your dog goes into heat, you may notice she loses her appetite, drools, passes loose stool, or vomits from time to time. This is due to the hormonal changes she is experiencing. Signs should remain mild and will not last long. For most, these clinical signs can be managed from home.
There are several non-permanent pregnancy prevention methods available at home, ranging from dog diapers to body wraps. Keeping your canine companion from getting pregnant is not always as easy as it may first appear!
If you want to prevent pregnancy make sure to keep her away from male dogs. Males can detect a female in heat from great distances, and if left alone they may well try to get to her and mate with her at all costs. Unneutered male dogs will even break out of their leash and jump over fences and gates in pursuit of a female in heat.
Many dogs in heat will be less active than normal, although this doesn't imply your dog shouldn't receive any activity during those weeks. Continue to play with your dog and take her on walks. It is easiest to walk during times of the day when less dogs are around, so she is not driving the local males crazy. Make other dog owners aware she should not be approached- in case they have an intact male.
At this time, certain dogs might experience fatigue while others may show signs of restlessness. Giving the dog some exercise– such as taking walks in the neighborhood during quiet times– can help relax them without pushing them too hard. It is important to steer clear of too many physical activities and make sure your dog gets plenty of rest. Engaging in moderate physical activity can positively impact both her physical health and mental state during this period.
While it is normal for dogs and cats to go into heat, it's crucial to discuss with your vet the precautions needed during this period. If you’re concerned about your female becoming pregnant or think a male may have been mated with, your vet can discuss the options available. Similarly, if her estrus cycle seems prolonged, contact your vet to discuss what may be going on and if any intervention is needed.
There's no nice way to say it... when in heat, your dog will bleed, which may get into your carpets, furniture, and floors. Using dog diapers is the ideal option for keeping your home clean and mess-free. Dog diapers are available in a variety of sizes and colors, ensuring that there is always a solution that is perfect for your dog. To prevent infection or irritation, be sure to change them regularly.
Pads and blankets can help keep your dog's bloody vaginal discharge off your sofas and car seats. They may also be used as bedding for your pet's bed and cage, or placed on the floor where she typically sleeps. Then, when an unintentional leak does occur, the pad absorbs it and keeps her favorite area clean and dry.
Dogs do not undergo menopause. Their reproductive cycles are different from those of humans, and this means that they may go into heat and get pregnant throughout their adult lives - even in their senior years.
However, you may find that your dog's cycles become less frequent, and that length varies a little. This is perfectly natural as canines age, although dogs that have ceased having cycles should be evaluated by a veterinarian, as this may indicate an underlying health issue or metabolic disease process.
A dog's heat cycle is a natural process that comes with various visible symptoms, including an enlarged vulva, an increased frequency of urination, behavioral changes, and greater attention from male dogs. The reproductive cycle of a dog consists of proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus phases, which together typically span six to twelve months.
To keep her comfortable and prevent pregnancy while she is in estrus, it's important to monitor your dog during her heat cycle, provide comfort, manage any behavioral changes, and keep her away from males. If you notice any unexpected behavior or health issues, then don't hesitate to reach out to your vet. Remember to be patient and supportive of your pet during this time. Your dog relies on you to guide her through this stage of her life safely.
If you have any questions about your dog’s heat cycle please consult your veterinarian.
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