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You may sometimes see grey or white flakes of skin in your dog’s fur. This is going to be more noticeable on dark coloured coats and flakes are typically seen on the back and rump. The technical term is ‘sebborhea’.
This article explores the various causes for canine dandruff, useful at home treatments and when veterinary intervention may be needed. For most dogs, with some simple changes, you can eliminate dandruff completely.
Dandruff is dead skin that has not shed off as it should and remains on the dog’s coat. The sebaceous glands produce too much oil, meaning the skin becomes flakier and starts to shed more than it usually would.
Not every flake or scab on the skin is going to be dandruff, but it is recognisable by the white or grey colour and the fact that it tends to be present in quite large amounts and all over the coat. For many dogs, it is an ongoing issue.
Dandruff can be an issue at any age and for any breed but it is more common in older dogs and breeds including the Cocker Spaniel, Labrador, and Yorkshire Terrier.
So, how to tell if your dog has dandruff? There are a number of signs you may notice:
Dry, flaky skin (white flakes or ‘scurf’), particularly concentrated over the back and rump. They may come off on your hands as you stroke the dog and you may find your skin feels greasy.
Itchiness and scratching. Many dogs do not itch at all but some dogs do feel a little discomfort and may scratch their skin if it is dry.
Redness or irritation. Those who scratch and nibble their skin can cause redness and irritation, and this may even lead to secondary infections.
Oily or dry patches on the coat. As excess oil and sebum is produced, this can lead to some areas that are greasy, as well as the dried patches of skin. The oils are not evenly distributed as they should be.
Behavioral signs. You may notice your dog is restless and grooming more, especially if their skin is also dry and if there are secondary infections.
There are lots of potential reasons for your dog’s dandruff and determining the trigger ensures the best treatment plan can be started. Genetic, environmental and health factors can all play a role.
A lack of moisture in the air can cause dandruff and dry skin– much like if your lips get chapped in the winter. It is helpful to ensure the air inside is above 30% humidity.
Any sort of parasite is potentially going to cause itchiness and skin issues including crusting, oozing and dandruff. A mite called Cheyletiella is also called ‘walking dandruff’ as the mites look like dandruff and move about.
A lack of nutrients such as omega 3 fatty acids, Vitamin E or biotin, can all lead to a poor skin and coat quality. Oils are an essential part of the diet when it comes to your dog developing a robust skin barrier.
Bacterial and fungal skin infections typically cause itchy skin as well as flaking, oozing and a foul smell. For many dogs, there is an underlying cause, such as allergies or parasites.
Those with allergic skin disease tend to itch in places including their face, armpits, groin and paws. Scratching, licking and chewing can damage the skin, introduce infection, and lead to dandruff.
Endocrine disorders including hypothyroidism can affect the metabolism, skin moisture balance and general skin and coat appearance. A dry and dull coat, alongside flaking, can be a sign of inadequate thyroid hormone in an older dog.
This genetic skin disorder leads to scaling and greasy skin. Signs typically emerge around the age of one and affected breeds include the Springer Spaniel and Bassett Hound.
When it comes to the cause of dandruff on your dog that is under the age of twelve months, we're typically not going to be talking about hormonal disorders or allergies. More commonly, it is going to be down to parasites or infections.
Certain breeds are genetically prone to seborrhea, as discussed above. As well as this, breeds can be predisposed to endocrine disorders and allergic skin disease.
Your vet is going to pay particular attention to your dog’s breed and their parent’s medical history (if available), to determine if genes could play a role.
It’s always a good idea to implement some home care, regardless of why the dandruff has developed.
Be sure to brush your dog regularly, which can mean every day in those with long or double coats. Use dog shampoo rather than human shampoo, as it is designed for the specific pH of a dog’s skin. Be sure not to over-bathe, as bathing too regularly strips oils and leads to dry skin.
For some, a specific shampoo that can add moisture to the skin is needed, and is a quick way to get rid of pesky dandruff. There is a huge range out there, so it is best to stick to your vet’s recommendation on this one.
Stick to a high quality diet made with whole food ingredients, and avoid any artificial colors, preservatives or flavorings. Opt for those dog foods enriched with plenty of fatty acids and other skin supportive ingredients, like Vitamin E.
If appropriate, consider giving a daily skin supplement. These contain ingredients like fish oils, flax and vitamins. They strengthen the skin barrier; locking in moisture and preventing allergen
A vet visit is advised if the dandruff is persisting more than a couple of weeks or if it is accompanied by other symptoms, such as itchy or sore skin.
Similarly, head to your vets if you feel your dog could have an underlying disorder, such as a hormonal disease. Signs can include panting, fur loss, excess thirst and a change in appetite.
Though not all dandruff is easily prevented, a number of things can be done to prevent it from developing. This includes a proper grooming routine, balanced diet and regular parasite control.
Depending on the conditions in the home, it may be worth considering a humidifier.
Cases of dog dandruff are common and they are usually easily treatable. Be aware that ongoing dry and flaky skin can indicate an underlying medical issue. Observe your dog’s skin and coat regularly, and contact your vet if they have dandruff which is not improving.
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